2008北京奥运会即将来临,我们都要为中国奥运加油,同时也不忘记学习,我们将每天介绍一项奥运项目,敬请关注!
我们先来回顾一下上一期的项目,Swimming 游泳。
小提示:如果要查看以前的奥运帖子或者其他的帖子,直接点击此贴子的上一目录,北京奥运2008专栏,就可以看到以前的帖子,或者点击大耳朵论坛就可以找你想看的以前的帖子。
今天要给大家介绍的是:Diving 跳水
体育图标—跳水
国际游泳联合会
福娃奥运项目造型之跳水
Diving Events Rules
The individual medal diving events are the men's 3m springboard, the men's 10m platform, the women's 3m springboard and the women's 10m platform. Using "fancy" to describe diving is probably more apt for synchronized diving, which made its Olympic debut at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Synchronized diving events consist of men's 3m and 10m and women's 3m and 10m. These events consist of two divers leaving the platform or springboard simultaneously and diving together. Usually the athletes perform the same dive, although occasionally dives which complement each other are chosen. Divers must attempt a set number of dives selected from each of the main diving groups. The springboard competition consists of five groups: front, back, reverse, inward and twisting. Platform competition includes those five groups, plus the armstand dive. The United States has dominated the sport of diving, perhaps to an even greater extent than any other sport at the Olympics. In the 1980s
the Chinese entered diving competition and posed the first serious threat to American dominance. And now, China claims to be the dream team in diving, being the target of envy on both the platform and springboard for years. Led by such stars as Fu Mingxia and Xiong Ni, the team swept five out of the eight gold medals on offer at the millennium Olympic Games in Sydney.
In diving competitions, competitors perform a series of dives and are awarded points up to 10, depending upon their elegance and skill. The points are then adjusted for the degree of difficulty, based on the number and types of maneuvers attempted, such as somersaults, pikes, tucks and twists.
A reverse 1.5 somersault with 4.5 twists, for example, is among the most difficult. Judges are appointed by FINA, the international body governing diving. If possible, the nationalities of the judges differ from the competitors. The referee is in charge of the competition and makes sure all regulations
are followed. Judges rate both technique and style. Judges assess the diver'sapproach,takeoff,elevation, execution and entry. Individual diving events have seven judges. For synchronized diving, four judges will assess the divers' skills and five others will judge how the pairs match each other in terms of height, distance from the springboard or platform, speed of rotation and entry into the water. Five judges assess the synchronization of the dives, and four award marks for execution. Two of the four judges judging the execution focus on each diver's performance. The synchronization judges focus exclusively on synchronization in the approach, take-off (including
similarity of height), coordinated timing of movements during flight, similarity of entry angles, comparative distance from the board at entry, and simultaneous entries. The highest and lowest scores awarded for both execution and synchronization are discarded, and the final score is calculated in the same manner as other dives. Each dive is considered without regard to the difficulty figure.
请大家将上面这段介绍翻译成中文。
该期奥运项目中文意思:
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小知识:
跳水:
竞技跳水比赛主要包括跳台和跳板,比赛时运动员要完成规定和自选动作,最后以两种动作的总分决定名次。2008年北京奥运会设男、女个人10米跳台和3米跳板,以及男、女双人10米跳台和3米跳板共8个项目。比赛在北京奥林匹克公园的国家游泳中心举行。跳水池面积为25米X25米,池深5·4米。
跳水的男子个人和双人项目各需完成6个动作,女子个人和双人项目各需完成5个动作。跳板比赛中,女子包括5个不同组别无难度系数限制的动作,男子则包括6个无难度系数限制的动作,其中5个动作来自不同的组别,另1个动作从5个组别中任选。跳台的女子比赛含5个不同组别的无难度系数限制的动作,男子比赛包括6个不同组别的无难度系数限制的动作。
奥运会跳水比赛先进行预赛,然后选出12名成绩最好的运动员参加决赛。决赛时,必须重复预赛时的全部动作,最后以决赛成绩总分多者为优胜。双人比赛没有预赛,直接进行决赛,决赛有8对选手参加。
2004年8月26日,在雅典奥运会跳水女子三米板半决赛中,中国选手郭晶晶以243.06分排名第二。
起源于游泳运动的发展过程。5世纪时,古希腊陶瓶上已有一群男孩头朝下跳水的描绘。17世纪,在斯堪的纳维亚半岛、地中海、红海沿岸一带的港口,盛行从岸上、桅杆上跳入水中的活动。现代跳水运动始于20世纪,1900年瑞典运动员在第2届奥运会上表演了跳水,1904年成为奥运会比赛项目。根据起跳动作的方向和结构,可分为向前、向后、向内、反身、转体5组。每组均有规定动作和自选动作,每个动作又有不同的难度系数。根据跳水空中姿势,可以分为A(直体)、B(屈体)、C(抱膝)、D(翻腾兼转体)4种。有跳台跳水和跳板跳水之分。
跳台跳水
在坚硬无弹性的平台上进行。跳台距水面高度分为5米、7.5米和10米3种,奥运会、世界锦标赛、世界杯赛限用10米跳台。跳台跳水根据起跳方向和动作结构分向前、向后、向内、反身、转体和臂立6组。比赛时,男子要完成4个有难度系数限制的自选动作和6个无难度系数限制的自选动作,女子要完成4个有难度系数限制的自选动作和4个无难度系数限制的自选动作。每个动作的最高得分为10分,以全部动作完成后的得分总和评定成绩,总分高者名次列前。男、女跳台跳水分别于1904年和1912年被列为奥运会比赛项目。
跳板跳水
在一端固定,另一端有弹性的板上进行,跳板离水面的高度有1米和3米两种。跳板跳水根据起跳方向和动作结构分向前、向后、向内、反身和转体5组。比赛时,男子要完成5个有难度系数限制的自选动作和6个无难度系数限制的自选动作,女子要完成5个有难度系数限制的自选动作和5个无难度系数限制的自选动作。每个动作的最高得分为10分,以全部动作完成后的得分总和评定名次,总分高者名次列前。男、女跳板跳水分别于1908年和1920年被列为奥运会比赛项目。
2004年第28届奥运会单人项目有男子3米跳板、10米跳台,女子3米跳板、10米跳台4个及跳板、跳台共四个双人项目。每个协会每个单项最多两名运动员参加比赛。国际游泳联合会公布各单项A级和B级报名标准以及达到标准的期限,规定每个协会每个单项如只有1名运动员参赛时,该运动员必须达到B级标准,如有两名运动员参赛时,这两名运动员都必须达到A级标准。
2004年雅典奥运会将在雅典奥林匹克体育中心的水上中心进行。
观赛礼仪:
1、观众进出场地要有序,一般应提前到场;
2、只许带软包装饮料进入赛场,垃圾要用方便袋或者纸袋自行带出;
3、衣着不要太随便,应整洁、大方,尤其是在温度比较高的游泳馆;
4、当运动员准备出发时一定要保持安静,比赛中最好不要走动;
5、场馆内禁止使用闪光灯,手机要关机或设置在振动、静音状态;
6、场馆内严禁吸烟;
7、颁奖升旗奏歌时,应起立肃静。
本届游泳目比赛场馆:国家游泳中心
感谢大家的参与,让我们在每天的积累中进步,为中国加油!
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本帖最后由 pfzhao 于 2008-4-20 10:43 编辑 ]